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Implementing DataSerializable

As mentioned in Implementing Java Serializable & Externalizable, Java serialization is an easy mechanism. However, it does not control how fields are serialized or deserialized. Moreover, Java serialization can lead to excessive CPU loads since it keeps track of objects to handle the cycles and streams class descriptors. These are performance decreasing factors; thus, serialized data may not have an optimal size.

The DataSerializable interface of Hazelcast overcomes these issues. Here is an example of a class implementing the com.hazelcast.nio.serialization.DataSerializable interface.

public class Address implements DataSerializable {
    private String street;
    private int zipCode;
    private String city;
    private String state;

    public Address() {}

    //getters setters..

    public void writeData( ObjectDataOutput out ) throws IOException {
        out.writeUTF(street);
        out.writeInt(zipCode);
        out.writeUTF(city);
        out.writeUTF(state);
    }

    public void readData( ObjectDataInput in ) throws IOException {
        street = in.readUTF();
        zipCode = in.readInt();
        city = in.readUTF();
        state = in.readUTF();
    }
}

Reading and Writing and DataSerializable

Let’s take a look at another example which encapsulates a DataSerializable field.

Since the address field itself is DataSerializable, it calls address.writeData(out) when writing and address.readData(in) when reading. Also note that you should have writing and reading of the fields occur in the same order. When Hazelcast serializes a DataSerializable, it writes the className first. When Hazelcast deserializes it, className is used to instantiate the object using reflection.

public class Employee implements DataSerializable {
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private int age;
    private double salary;
    private Address address; //address itself is DataSerializable

    public Employee() {}

    //getters setters..

    public void writeData( ObjectDataOutput out ) throws IOException {
        out.writeUTF(firstName);
        out.writeUTF(lastName);
        out.writeInt(age);
        out.writeDouble (salary);
        address.writeData (out);
    }

    public void readData( ObjectDataInput in ) throws IOException {
        firstName = in.readUTF();
        lastName = in.readUTF();
        age = in.readInt();
        salary = in.readDouble();
        address = new Address();
        // since Address is DataSerializable let it read its own internal state
        address.readData(in);
    }
}

As you can see, since the address field itself is DataSerializable, it calls address.writeData(out) when writing and address.readData(in) when reading. Also note that you should have writing and reading of the fields occur in the same order. While Hazelcast serializes a DataSerializable, it writes the className first. When Hazelcast deserializes it, className is used to instantiate the object using reflection.

Since Hazelcast needs to create an instance during the deserialization,DataSerializable class has a no-arg constructor.

DataSerializable is a good option if serialization is only needed for in-cluster communication.

DataSerializable is not supported by non-Java clients as it uses Java reflection. If you need non-Java clients, please use IdentifiedDataSerializable or Portable.

IdentifiedDataSerializable

For a faster serialization of objects, avoiding reflection and long class names, Hazelcast recommends you implement com.hazelcast.nio.serialization.IdentifiedDataSerializable which is a slightly better version of DataSerializable.

DataSerializable uses reflection to create a class instance, as mentioned in Implementing DataSerializable. But IdentifiedDataSerializable uses a factory for this purpose and it is faster during deserialization, which requires new instance creations.

getClassId and getFactoryId Methods

IdentifiedDataSerializable extends DataSerializable and introduces the following methods:

int getClassId();
int getFactoryId();

IdentifiedDataSerializable uses getClassId() instead of class name and it uses getFactoryId() to load the class when given the id. To complete the implementation, you should also implement com.hazelcast.nio.serialization.DataSerializableFactory and register it into SerializationConfig, which can be accessed from Config.getSerializationConfig(). Factory’s responsibility is to return an instance of the right IdentifiedDataSerializable object, given the id. This is currently the most efficient way of Serialization that Hazelcast supports off the shelf.

Implementing IdentifiedDataSerializable

Let’s take a look at the following example code and configuration to see IdentifiedDataSerializable in action.

public class Employee
    implements IdentifiedDataSerializable {

    private String surname;

    public Employee() {}

    public Employee( String surname ) {
        this.surname = surname;
    }

    @Override
    public void readData( ObjectDataInput in )
      throws IOException {
        this.surname = in.readUTF();
    }

    @Override
    public void writeData( ObjectDataOutput out )
      throws IOException {
        out.writeUTF( surname );
    }

    @Override
    public int getFactoryId() {
        return EmployeeDataSerializableFactory.FACTORY_ID;
    }

    @Override
    public int getClassId() {
        return EmployeeDataSerializableFactory.EMPLOYEE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format( "Employee(surname=%s)", surname );
    }
}

The methods getClassId and getFactoryId return a unique positive number within the EmployeeDataSerializableFactory. Now, let’s create an instance of this EmployeeDataSerializableFactory.

public class EmployeeDataSerializableFactory
    implements DataSerializableFactory{

    public static final int FACTORY_ID = 1;

    public static final int EMPLOYEE_TYPE = 1;

    @Override
    public IdentifiedDataSerializable create(int typeId) {
        if ( typeId == EMPLOYEE_TYPE ) {
            return new Employee();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

The only method you should implement is create, as seen in the above example. It is recommended that you use a switch-case statement instead of multiple if-else blocks if you have a lot of subclasses. Hazelcast throws an exception if null is returned for typeId.

Registering EmployeeDataSerializableFactory

As the last step, you need to register EmployeeDataSerializableFactory declaratively (declare in the configuration file hazelcast.xml/yaml) as shown below. Note that factory-id has the same value of FACTORY_ID in the above code. This is crucial to enable Hazelcast to find the correct factory.

XML
YAML

<hazelcast>
    ...
    <serialization>
        <data-serializable-factories>
            <data-serializable-factory factory-id="1">
                EmployeeDataSerializableFactory
            </data-serializable-factory>
        </data-serializable-factories>
    </serialization>
    ...
</hazelcast>

hazelcast:
  serialization:
    data-serializable-factories:
      - factory-id: 1
        class-name: EmployeeDataSerializableFactory

See the Serialization Configuration Wrap-Up section for a full description of Hazelcast Serialization configuration.

When using a client/server deployment, you also need to register the implemented factory on the client side. For a Java client, the process is the same as described above to be performed in the client configuration, e.g., hazelcast-client.xml/yaml. For the other Hazelcast clients, see the following for details:

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